Preheat your broiler on high. Position an oven rack directly (3-4 inches) below the heating element.
Sprinkle the Kosher salt, pepper, garlic powder, onion powder, and smoked paprika on the meat. Work the spices gently and evenly into the meat.
Divide the seasoned meat into four equal 4-oz portions and gently shape them into four patties, 3.5 inches in diameter and ½ inch thick.
Arrange the patties in a cast-iron skillet. Push down on the center of each patty to create a dimple. This will help the burgers stay flat as they cook.
Broil the burgers to medium, about 3 minutes per side.
Turn the oven off, top each burger patty with sauteed onions and with cheese, and return the pan to the still-warm oven for just a few seconds, until the cheese is melted. Serve immediately.
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Notes
The USDA recommends cooking ground meats to an internal temperature of 160°F.The sauteed onions are amazing, but they're optional. A good alternative to smoked gouda is extra-sharp cheddar or smoked cheddar.